{"id":26497,"date":"2020-08-21T00:30:17","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T19:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.technologyforyou.org\/?p=26497"},"modified":"2020-08-21T00:30:17","modified_gmt":"2020-08-20T19:00:17","slug":"intel-travels-to-africa-to-closely-track-responsibly-sourced-tech-minerals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.technologyforyou.org\/intel-travels-to-africa-to-closely-track-responsibly-sourced-tech-minerals\/","title":{"rendered":"Intel Travels to Africa to Closely Track Responsibly Sourced Tech Minerals"},"content":{"rendered":"

KIGALI, Rwanda \u2013 Standing beside a rutted red dirt road at about 5,000 feet up in the jungled mountains of northern Rwanda, Intel\u2019s Adam Schafer explains in four words why he and a teammate had traveled from Oregon to this especially remote part of Central Africa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re here to learn.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

With banana trees swaying behind him, Schafer continues: \u201cOur goal is to protect the people and the planet, both of which help us produce our products. We want to meet the responsible sourcing expectations of our customers, shareholders, and employees.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Schafer is Intel\u2019s director of Supply Chain Sustainability. Late last year, he and Erin Mitchell, manager of Intel\u2019s Responsible Minerals Program, spent a week crisscrossing Rwanda\u2019s mineral-rich mountains \u2014 fording creeks in a four-wheel drive, scrambling down narrow mountain trails to mine entrances and asking questions at every turn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Rwanda? The minerals \u2014 tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold (known as 3TG) \u2014 that lie both deep underground and right on the surface in this part of Africa are essential to the worldwide silicon manufacturing industry.<\/span><\/p>\n

In chip manufacturing, for example, tantalum is a metal uniquely well-suited as a diffusion barrier on advanced copper interconnects. In the assembly\/test process, tin offers a low melting point and is a key component of the solder that attaches silicon chips to their packaging. Gold is corrosion-resistant and an excellent electrical conductor for the tiny pins that connect chips to other components.<\/span><\/p>\n

On behalf of Intel, Schafer and Mitchell made the trip to fully understand the first part of a complex process. It begins with a chunk of mineral ore in Africa and \u2014 after passing through many hands, including miners, refiners, smelters and sellers, scattered across the globe \u2014 eventually winds up in chip factories. Ultimately, it turns up in your computer, your tablet, your smartphone, as well as in the millions of servers that run the internet and likely are delivering this story to you.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Intel team\u2019s fact-finding trip was completed before the coronavirus pandemic halted most air travel \u2014 but helped guide Intel\u2019s recently announced\u00a02030 Corporate Responsibility Goals<\/a>\u00a0as they relate to responsible sourcing.<\/span><\/p>\n

In continued successful pursuit of Moore\u2019s Law \u2013 as well as achieving these new 2030 goals \u2013 Intel recognizes this: Ethical mineral sourcing throughout the supply chain is no less important than process and technology innovation.<\/span><\/p>\n

An effort that began with \u2018conflict minerals\u2019<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

More than 10 years ago, Intel recognized that some of its mineral purchases \u2014 through a complex web of supply chain intermediaries \u2014 were unintentionally contributing to human rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Armed guerilla factions in that country were exploiting forced labor, often abusing children and women, and engaging in multiple human rights violations \u2014 all in pursuit of illicit profits from the global mineral trade.<\/span><\/p>\n

This is how the 3TG minerals \u2014 when extracted from the Earth under these abusive conditions \u2014 came to be called \u201cconflict minerals.\u201d The minerals themselves are not an issue.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the time, Intel analyzed its supply chain and began a multiyear, industrywide effort to root out human rights abuses from the mineral components in its own products and those of other tech companies.<\/span><\/p>\n

The 2010 U.S. Dodd-Frank Act, which Intel supported, required companies to disclose if any of their 3TG minerals are sourced from the Congo or neighboring countries. That was the same year the U.N. reported a grim statistic: In the Congo\u2019s mineral-rich Kivu provinces, \u201calmost every mining deposit was controlled by a military group.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Since 2010, much has changed.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show, then-Intel CEO Brian Krzanich announced on his keynote stage a milestone that took many observers by surprise. Going forward, all of the company\u2019s\u00a0new processors would be sourced from minerals that are \u201cconflict-free<\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Other technology companies also joined the conflict-free effort, along with non-governmental organizations, as part of the Responsible Minerals Initiative<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The International Peace Information Service reported that by 2016, 79% of miners in eastern Congo said they were working in mines where no armed groups were involved.<\/span><\/p>\n

From conflict-free to responsible sourcing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Schafer and Mitchell\u2019s mine scouting work last December in Rwanda \u2014 Schafer also visited mines in the Congo, and Mitchell visited smelters in India \u2014 was a sign that Intel, along with key tech industry leaders, are further raising the bar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Intel and its partners are moving beyond the issue of conflict minerals to the broader and loftier goal of achieving \u201cresponsible sourcing.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIntel came off to a very strong start in the conflict minerals space, and we were a very early leader,\u201d explains Mitchell during one mine visit. \u201cWe want to take that leadership we had early on and expand on it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

So now, Schafer and Mitchell, along with others across Intel\u2019s global supply chain organization, are asking questions such as: Are mining conditions sustainable and ethical? Are miners\u2019 human rights respected? Is the raw mineral ore that enters the supply chain carefully traced so that buyers can be assured it was mined and sold legally, free of human rights abuses?<\/span><\/p>\n

\"rwanda<\/span>Tracing minerals is not trivial<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Schafer and Mitchell visited six mines and refining facilities over five days, heading out each morning from the capital city of Kigali with a local driver familiar with the bone-rattling unpaved mountain roads that snake up to most of the country\u2019s underground mines.<\/span><\/p>\n

At Rutongo Mines, the two stood at the entrance to a horizontal mine shaft as workers in black rubber boots and bright yellow hard hats emerged from the darkness, grinning at their visitors while muscling a narrow-gauge rail cart full of tin ore into the bright nearly equatorial sun. There, the Intel team learned that the mine operator is facing competition to his business of an odd kind.<\/span><\/p>\n

He says townspeople with picks and shovels sneak onto his company\u2019s sprawling multi-thousand-acre mountain mining claim. In broad daylight \u2014 until they\u2019re chased away \u2014 they dig into the mountainsides for chunks of tin ore, called cassiterite. Then they sell the ore to street buyers in the capital city of Kigali, undercutting the legal business. And who knows if that ore-on-the-street was responsibly sourced? Or if it came from rogue players?<\/span><\/p>\n

To ensure responsible sourcing, label and log everything<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The industry answer is a \u201cbag-and-tag\u201d system. Intel and other tech companies have been successfully pushing for a process that tracks bags of mineral ore with crimped-on, tamper-resistant tags. Bag-and-tag ensures that minerals come from responsible sources \u2014 in much the same way you trust that your supermarket blueberries labeled as organic are, in fact, organic. Their route from farm to shipper to market is documented and traced.<\/span><\/p>\n

Schafer says that while mineral bag-and-tag is not a perfect system, he calls it \u201can important first step in diligence and transparency.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe keep the tags locked up. And there are two locks and two keys,\u201d Lionel Sematuro explains to Schafer and Mitchell at a mine run by Piran Rwanda Ltd.<\/span><\/p>\n

They\u2019re standing inside an old rust-red shipping container that serves as a depot and safe box for 220-pound plastic bags filled with Piran\u2019s tin ore. To ensure traceability \u2014 that mineral ore has been dug legally by legit workers on the company payroll, not by unknown freelancers \u2014 each heavy bag is tagged then kept under lock and key in that shipping container.<\/span><\/p>\n

A carefully kept logbook, filled out by hand and also locked in that same shipping container, documents all mineral movements.<\/span><\/p>\n

Traceability \u201chelps ensure investors that they\u2019re not investing in unsafe or unfair practices, that they\u2019re investing in responsibly sourced minerals, that we\u2019re doing things correctly and by the book,\u201d explains Ashley Dace, with Piran Rwanda Ltd.<\/span><\/p>\n

The importance of mineral traceability extends beyond the mining process to refining and smelting, and ultimately the ready-to-market minerals that Intel and other tech firms worldwide need to buy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ensuring all minerals entering the supply chain can be traced to responsible sources is a major element of Intel\u2019s responsible sourcing strategy \u2014 and is shared across the tech industry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Intel joins Apple, Facebook, Google, others<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In Rwanda, the Intel team talked not just with mine operators, refiners and local government leaders, but also with fellow corporate responsibility representatives in the technology industry. Accompanying the Intel team on several of the mine and government visits were reps from Apple, Facebook, Google, Nokia and other companies with whom Intel has been partnering on conflict minerals and responsible sourcing issues for nearly a decade.<\/span><\/p>\n

Says Schafer: \u201cIt\u2019s important that we continue to work with our peers and customers to help make our industry even better.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

For the past six years, of the more than 200 companies whose mineral sourcing programs are analyzed by the\u00a0Responsible Sourcing Network<\/a>, Intel has ranked No. 1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Why does this matter? Increasingly, as Intel Corporate Responsibility director Suzanne Fallender points out, investors want to know that firms in which they stake a claim are behaving as responsible corporate citizens. Fallender told\u00a0Greenbiz<\/a>\u00a0that investors \u201cdemand more accountability than ever, and companies have an obligation to be transparent with them.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Schafer and Mitchell say their Rwandan mine inspection made clear the importance of continued mineral ore tracing. The visit \u2014 the first of its kind by Intel in seven years \u2014 signaled to local players the importance of responsible sourcing to Intel and other firms.<\/span><\/p>\n

They also say they now recognize the industry needs a better way to account for so-called \u201cartisanal miners\u201d to legitimately join in the mining process. These are local citizens whose livelihood may depend on digging for minerals to sell on the open market. The challenge, says Mitchell, is \u201chow to reduce the risk\u201d that unfettered artisanal mining could open the door to human rights abuses \u2013 while still helping local residents to support themselves and their families.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018Entire periodic table\u2019<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What next? Intel is not planning to quit at the 3TG minerals. Each of these minerals occupies one of those 118 little squares on the periodic table of elements that many of us remember from high school chemistry classrooms.<\/span><\/p>\n

Standing on that jungled mountainside in Rwanda, Schafer explains that Intel\u2019s ambitions are much greater \u2014 they are set out in the company\u2019s 2020\u00a0Corporate Responsibility Report<\/a>\u00a0and its 2030 Corporate Strategy and Goals.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAs we expand from conflict minerals to responsible sourcing, we and the industry are responsible for the entire periodic table,\u201d he says. \u201cOur goal is to respect all aspects of human rights, environmental impact and the people in the communities who are sourcing the materials that are critical to our industry.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Video | Intel Leaders Travel to Africa<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n